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Glioprotection of Retinal Astrocytes After Intravitreal Administration of Memantine in the Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model
BACKGROUND In glaucoma, non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related risk factors can result in increased levels of extracellular glutamate, which triggers a cascade of neurodegeneration characterized by the excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the...
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Published in: | Medical science monitor 2017-03, Vol.23, p.1173-1179 |
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description | BACKGROUND In glaucoma, non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related risk factors can result in increased levels of extracellular glutamate, which triggers a cascade of neurodegeneration characterized by the excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the glioprotective effects of memantine as a prototypic uncompetitive NMDA blocker on retinal astrocytes in the optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model for glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Optic nerve crush was performed on all of the right eyes (n=8), whereas left eyes served as contralateral healthy controls (n=8) in Balb/c/Sca mice. Four randomly assigned mice received 2-µl intravitreal injections of memantine (1 mg/ml) after ONC in the experimental eye. One week after the experiment, optic nerves were dissec-ted and stained with methylene blue. Retinae were detached from the sclera. The tissue was immunostained. Whole-mount retinae were investigated by fluorescent microscopy. Astrocyte counts for each image were performed manually. RESULTS Histological sections of crushed optic nerves showed consistently moderate tissue damage in experimental groups. The mean number of astrocytes per image in the ONC group was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (7.13±1.5 and 10.47±1.9, respectively). Loss of astrocytes in the memantine-treated group was significantly lower (8.83±2.2) than in the ONC group. Assessment of inter-observer reliability showed excellent agreement among observations in control, ONC, and memantine groups. CONCLUSIONS The ONC is an effective method for investigation of astrocytic changes in mouse retina. Intravitreally administered memantine shows a promising glioprotective effect on mouse retinal astrocytes by preserving astrocyte count after ONC. |
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The purpose of our study was to evaluate the glioprotective effects of memantine as a prototypic uncompetitive NMDA blocker on retinal astrocytes in the optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model for glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Optic nerve crush was performed on all of the right eyes (n=8), whereas left eyes served as contralateral healthy controls (n=8) in Balb/c/Sca mice. Four randomly assigned mice received 2-µl intravitreal injections of memantine (1 mg/ml) after ONC in the experimental eye. One week after the experiment, optic nerves were dissec-ted and stained with methylene blue. Retinae were detached from the sclera. The tissue was immunostained. Whole-mount retinae were investigated by fluorescent microscopy. Astrocyte counts for each image were performed manually. RESULTS Histological sections of crushed optic nerves showed consistently moderate tissue damage in experimental groups. The mean number of astrocytes per image in the ONC group was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (7.13±1.5 and 10.47±1.9, respectively). Loss of astrocytes in the memantine-treated group was significantly lower (8.83±2.2) than in the ONC group. Assessment of inter-observer reliability showed excellent agreement among observations in control, ONC, and memantine groups. CONCLUSIONS The ONC is an effective method for investigation of astrocytic changes in mouse retina. Intravitreally administered memantine shows a promising glioprotective effect on mouse retinal astrocytes by preserving astrocyte count after ONC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1643-3750</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1234-1010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1643-3750</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.12659/msm.899699</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28265105</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: International Scientific Literature, Inc</publisher><subject>Animal Study ; Animals ; Astrocytes - drug effects ; Astrocytes - metabolism ; Astrocytes - pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism ; Intravitreal Injections ; Memantine - administration & dosage ; Memantine - pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nerve Crush ; Neuroglia - drug effects ; Neuroglia - metabolism ; Neuroglia - pathology ; Neuroprotection - drug effects ; Observer Variation ; Optic Nerve - pathology ; Retina - drug effects ; Retina - metabolism ; Retina - pathology</subject><ispartof>Medical science monitor, 2017-03, Vol.23, p.1173-1179</ispartof><rights>Med Sci Monit, 2017 2017</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-97034ce5441f4d5b33a253580dcbd7b59a67093ee62034b9cbdf9988a8ff582d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-97034ce5441f4d5b33a253580dcbd7b59a67093ee62034b9cbdf9988a8ff582d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352005/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352005/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28265105$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maciulaitiene, Ruta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pakuliene, Giedre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaja, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauza, Dainius Haroldas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalesnykas, Giedrius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Januleviciene, Ingrida</creatorcontrib><title>Glioprotection of Retinal Astrocytes After Intravitreal Administration of Memantine in the Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model</title><title>Medical science monitor</title><addtitle>Med Sci Monit</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND In glaucoma, non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related risk factors can result in increased levels of extracellular glutamate, which triggers a cascade of neurodegeneration characterized by the excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the glioprotective effects of memantine as a prototypic uncompetitive NMDA blocker on retinal astrocytes in the optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model for glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Optic nerve crush was performed on all of the right eyes (n=8), whereas left eyes served as contralateral healthy controls (n=8) in Balb/c/Sca mice. Four randomly assigned mice received 2-µl intravitreal injections of memantine (1 mg/ml) after ONC in the experimental eye. One week after the experiment, optic nerves were dissec-ted and stained with methylene blue. Retinae were detached from the sclera. The tissue was immunostained. Whole-mount retinae were investigated by fluorescent microscopy. Astrocyte counts for each image were performed manually. RESULTS Histological sections of crushed optic nerves showed consistently moderate tissue damage in experimental groups. The mean number of astrocytes per image in the ONC group was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (7.13±1.5 and 10.47±1.9, respectively). Loss of astrocytes in the memantine-treated group was significantly lower (8.83±2.2) than in the ONC group. Assessment of inter-observer reliability showed excellent agreement among observations in control, ONC, and memantine groups. CONCLUSIONS The ONC is an effective method for investigation of astrocytic changes in mouse retina. Intravitreally administered memantine shows a promising glioprotective effect on mouse retinal astrocytes by preserving astrocyte count after ONC.</description><subject>Animal Study</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Astrocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Astrocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Astrocytes - pathology</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Intravitreal Injections</subject><subject>Memantine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Memantine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Nerve Crush</subject><subject>Neuroglia - drug effects</subject><subject>Neuroglia - metabolism</subject><subject>Neuroglia - pathology</subject><subject>Neuroprotection - drug effects</subject><subject>Observer Variation</subject><subject>Optic Nerve - pathology</subject><subject>Retina - drug effects</subject><subject>Retina - metabolism</subject><subject>Retina - pathology</subject><issn>1643-3750</issn><issn>1234-1010</issn><issn>1643-3750</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVkctLAzEQxoMovk_eJUdBqslms5tchFJ8FFoFH-eQzc7ayO6mJmnR_97UatFTwszv-2aGD6ETSi5oVnB52YXuQkhZSLmF9mmRswErOdn-899DByG8EZKJgvBdtJeJJKSE76OP29a6uXcRTLSux67BjxBtr1s8DNE78xkh4GETweNxH71e2uhh1a0729uE6F_dFDrdJylg2-M4Azx1iwD4YR6twffgl4BHfhFmqV5De4R2Gt0GOP55D9HLzfXz6G4webgdj4aTgcmFjANZEpYb4HlOm7zmFWM644wLUpuqLisudVESyQCKLIGVTNVGSiG0aBouspodoqu173xRdVAbWB3Rqrm3nfafymmr_nd6O1OvbqnSlIwQngzOfgy8e19AiKqzwUDb6h7SgYqKktOcijxL6PkaNd6F4KHZjKFEfWelpk9Ttc4q0ad_N9uwv-GwL87Fkl4</recordid><startdate>20170307</startdate><enddate>20170307</enddate><creator>Maciulaitiene, Ruta</creator><creator>Pakuliene, Giedre</creator><creator>Kaja, Simon</creator><creator>Pauza, Dainius Haroldas</creator><creator>Kalesnykas, Giedrius</creator><creator>Januleviciene, Ingrida</creator><general>International Scientific Literature, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170307</creationdate><title>Glioprotection of Retinal Astrocytes After Intravitreal Administration of Memantine in the Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model</title><author>Maciulaitiene, Ruta ; Pakuliene, Giedre ; Kaja, Simon ; Pauza, Dainius Haroldas ; Kalesnykas, Giedrius ; Januleviciene, Ingrida</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-97034ce5441f4d5b33a253580dcbd7b59a67093ee62034b9cbdf9988a8ff582d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animal Study</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Astrocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Astrocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Astrocytes - pathology</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Intravitreal Injections</topic><topic>Memantine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Memantine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Nerve Crush</topic><topic>Neuroglia - drug effects</topic><topic>Neuroglia - metabolism</topic><topic>Neuroglia - pathology</topic><topic>Neuroprotection - drug effects</topic><topic>Observer Variation</topic><topic>Optic Nerve - pathology</topic><topic>Retina - drug effects</topic><topic>Retina - metabolism</topic><topic>Retina - pathology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maciulaitiene, Ruta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pakuliene, Giedre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaja, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauza, Dainius Haroldas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalesnykas, Giedrius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Januleviciene, Ingrida</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medical science monitor</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maciulaitiene, Ruta</au><au>Pakuliene, Giedre</au><au>Kaja, Simon</au><au>Pauza, Dainius Haroldas</au><au>Kalesnykas, Giedrius</au><au>Januleviciene, Ingrida</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Glioprotection of Retinal Astrocytes After Intravitreal Administration of Memantine in the Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model</atitle><jtitle>Medical science monitor</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Monit</addtitle><date>2017-03-07</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>23</volume><spage>1173</spage><epage>1179</epage><pages>1173-1179</pages><issn>1643-3750</issn><issn>1234-1010</issn><eissn>1643-3750</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND In glaucoma, non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related risk factors can result in increased levels of extracellular glutamate, which triggers a cascade of neurodegeneration characterized by the excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the glioprotective effects of memantine as a prototypic uncompetitive NMDA blocker on retinal astrocytes in the optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model for glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Optic nerve crush was performed on all of the right eyes (n=8), whereas left eyes served as contralateral healthy controls (n=8) in Balb/c/Sca mice. Four randomly assigned mice received 2-µl intravitreal injections of memantine (1 mg/ml) after ONC in the experimental eye. One week after the experiment, optic nerves were dissec-ted and stained with methylene blue. Retinae were detached from the sclera. The tissue was immunostained. Whole-mount retinae were investigated by fluorescent microscopy. Astrocyte counts for each image were performed manually. RESULTS Histological sections of crushed optic nerves showed consistently moderate tissue damage in experimental groups. The mean number of astrocytes per image in the ONC group was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (7.13±1.5 and 10.47±1.9, respectively). Loss of astrocytes in the memantine-treated group was significantly lower (8.83±2.2) than in the ONC group. Assessment of inter-observer reliability showed excellent agreement among observations in control, ONC, and memantine groups. CONCLUSIONS The ONC is an effective method for investigation of astrocytic changes in mouse retina. Intravitreally administered memantine shows a promising glioprotective effect on mouse retinal astrocytes by preserving astrocyte count after ONC.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>International Scientific Literature, Inc</pub><pmid>28265105</pmid><doi>10.12659/msm.899699</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal Study Animals Astrocytes - drug effects Astrocytes - metabolism Astrocytes - pathology Disease Models, Animal Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism Intravitreal Injections Memantine - administration & dosage Memantine - pharmacology Mice, Inbred BALB C Nerve Crush Neuroglia - drug effects Neuroglia - metabolism Neuroglia - pathology Neuroprotection - drug effects Observer Variation Optic Nerve - pathology Retina - drug effects Retina - metabolism Retina - pathology |
title | Glioprotection of Retinal Astrocytes After Intravitreal Administration of Memantine in the Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model |
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