A Novel Method for Screening Adenosine Receptor Specific Agonists for Use in Adenosine Drug Development

• Published in: Scientific reports 2017-03, Vol.7 (1), p.44816-44816, Article 44816
• Main Authors: Jones, Karlie R., Choi, Uimook, Gao, Ji-Liang, Thompson, Robert D., Rodman, Larry E., Malech, Harry L., Kang, Elizabeth M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 38/1; 38/44; 42/109; 42/41; 631/154/1435; 631/1647/2017; 82/80; Adenosine; Adenosine - metabolism; Autoimmune diseases; Calcium; Calcium (intracellular); Calcium - metabolism; Cancer; Cardiovascular diseases; Cell culture; Cells, Cultured; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Drug development; Drug Discovery - methods; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical - methods; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression; Gene Knockout Techniques; Gene Targeting; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Inflammation; K562 Cells; multidisciplinary; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists - chemistry; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists - pharmacology; Receptor mechanisms; Receptors, Purinergic P1 - chemistry; Receptors, Purinergic P1 - classification; Receptors, Purinergic P1 - genetics; Receptors, Purinergic P1 - metabolism; Science; Transfection
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep44816

Agonists that target the A 1 , A 2A , A 2B and A 3 adenosine receptors have potential to be potent treatment options for a number of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Because each of these adenosine receptors plays a distinct role throughout the body, obtaining highly specific receptor agonists is essential. Of these receptors, the adenosine A 2A R and A 2B R share many sequence and structural similarities but highly differ in their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Our laboratory, using a combination of specially developed cell lines and calcium release analysis hardware, has created a new and faster method for determining specificity of synthetic adenosine agonist compounds for the A 2A and A 2B receptors in human cells. A 2A receptor expression was effectively removed from K562 cells, resulting in the development of a distinct null line. Using HIV-lentivector and plasmid DNA transfection, we also developed A 2A and A 2B receptor over-expressing lines. As adenosine is known to cause changes in intracellular calcium levels upon addition to cell culture, calcium release can be determined in these cell lines upon compound addition, providing a functional readout of receptor activation and allowing us to isolate the most specific adenosine agonist compounds.