Role of Autophagy in HIV Pathogenesis and Drug Abuse

Autophagy is a highly regulated process in which excessive cytoplasmic materials are captured and degraded during deprivation conditions. The unique nature of autophagy that clears invasive microorganisms has made it an important cellular defense mechanism in a variety of clinical situations. In rec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2017-10, Vol.54 (8), p.5855-5867
Main Authors: Cao, Lu, Glazyrin, Alexey, Kumar, Santosh, Kumar, Anil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcoholic beverages
Autophagy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
Cell Biology
Cocaine
Drug abuse
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Methamphetamine
Microorganisms
Morphine
Narcotics
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Pathogenesis
Phagocytosis
Proteins
Risk factors
Toxicity
Viruses
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Summary:Autophagy is a highly regulated process in which excessive cytoplasmic materials are captured and degraded during deprivation conditions. The unique nature of autophagy that clears invasive microorganisms has made it an important cellular defense mechanism in a variety of clinical situations. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that autophagy is extensively involved in the pathology of HIV-1. To ensure survival of the virus, HIV-1 viral proteins modulate and utilize the autophagy pathway so that biosynthesis of the virus is maximized. At the same time, the abuse of illicit drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and alcohol is thought to be a significant risk factor for the acquirement and progression of HIV-1. During drug-induced toxicity, autophagic activity has been proved to be altered in various cell types. Here, we review the current literature on the interaction between autophagy, HIV-1, and drug abuse and discuss the complex role of autophagy during HIV-1 pathogenesis in co-exposure to illicit drugs.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-016-0118-6