Physiological Markers of Motor Inhibition during Human Behavior

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in humans have shown that many behaviors engage processes that suppress excitability within the corticospinal tract. Inhibition of the motor output pathway has been extensively studied in the context of action stopping, where a planned movement needs t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) 2017-04, Vol.40 (4), p.219-236
Main Authors: Duque, Julie, Greenhouse, Ian, Labruna, Ludovica, Ivry, Richard B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
action selection
corticospinal excitability
Humans
Inhibition (Psychology)
inhibitory control
Motor Activity - physiology
Neurology
Pyramidal Tracts - physiology
reactive and proactive inhibition
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Summary:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in humans have shown that many behaviors engage processes that suppress excitability within the corticospinal tract. Inhibition of the motor output pathway has been extensively studied in the context of action stopping, where a planned movement needs to be abruptly aborted. Recent TMS work has also revealed markers of motor inhibition during the preparation of movement. Here, we review the evidence for motor inhibition during action stopping and action preparation, focusing on studies that have used TMS to monitor changes in the excitability of the corticospinal pathway. We discuss how these physiological results have motivated theoretical models of how the brain selects actions, regulates movement initiation and execution, and switches from one state to another.
ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.006