Sensing of Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides by the Oxidoreductase RECON Promotes NF-κB Activation and Shapes a Proinflammatory Antibacterial State

• Published in: Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2017-03, Vol.46 (3), p.433-445
• Main Authors: McFarland, Adelle P., Luo, Shukun, Ahmed-Qadri, Fariha, Zuck, Meghan, Thayer, Elizabeth F., Goo, Young Ah, Hybiske, Kevin, Tong, Liang, Woodward, Joshua J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ablation; AKR1C13; aldo-keto reductase; Animals; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections - immunology; Bacterial Proteins - immunology; cyclic di-AMP; Cyclic dinucleotides; Dehydrogenases; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Enzyme Activation - immunology; Enzyme activity; Enzymes; Estradiol Dehydrogenases - immunology; Genes; Homeostasis; Immune response; Infections; Inflammation - immunology; Kinases; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Macrophages; Macrophages - immunology; Mammals; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microorganisms; NF-kappa B - immunology; NF-kappa B - metabolism; NF-κB; pattern recognition receptor; Proteins; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RECON; Rodents; Signal transduction; STING; Substrate inhibition; Tuberculosis; Viral infections
• ISSN: 1074-7613; 1097-4180
• DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.014

Bacterial and host cyclic dinucleotides (cdNs) mediate cytosolic immune responses through the STING signaling pathway, although evidence suggests that alternative pathways exist. We used cdN-conjugated beads to biochemically isolate host receptors for bacterial cdNs, and we identified the oxidoreductase RECON. High-affinity cdN binding inhibited RECON enzyme activity by simultaneously blocking the substrate and cosubstrate sites, as revealed by structural analyses. During bacterial infection of macrophages, RECON antagonized STING activation by acting as a molecular sink for cdNs. Bacterial infection of hepatocytes, which do not express STING, revealed that RECON negatively regulates NF-κB activation. Loss of RECON activity, via genetic ablation or inhibition by cdNs, increased NF-κB activation and reduced bacterial survival, suggesting that cdN inhibition of RECON promotes a proinflammatory, antibacterial state that is distinct from the antiviral state associated with STING activation. Thus, RECON functions as a cytosolic sensor for bacterial cdNs, shaping inflammatory gene activation via its effects on STING and NF-κB. [Display omitted] •Bacterial, but not eukaryotic, cyclic dinucleotides inhibit the oxidoreductase RECON•RECON binding to bacterial cyclic dinucleotides antagonizes STING signaling•Loss of RECON enzyme activity promotes inflammation by regulating NF-κB activity•RECON enzyme activity controls bacterial survival in immune and non-immune cells Bacterial and host cyclic dinucleotides (cdNs) mediate cytosolic immune responses through the STING pathway. McFarland et al. find that the oxidoreductase RECON acts as a sensor for bacterial cdNs. cdN binding to RECON inhibits its enzymatic activity and promotes a proinflammatory, antibacterial state that is distinct from the antiviral state associated with STING activation.