Fluorescent nanodiamonds engage innate immune effector cells: A potential vehicle for targeted anti-tumor immunotherapy

Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are nontoxic, infinitely photostable, and emit fluorescence in the near infrared region. Natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes are part of the innate immune system and are crucial to the control of carcinogenesis. FND-mediated stimulation of these cells may...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomedicine 2017-04, Vol.13 (3), p.909-920
Main Authors: Suarez-Kelly, Lorena P., MD, Campbell, Amanda R., PhD, Rampersaud, Isaac V, Bumb, Ambika, PhD, Wang, Min S., PhD, Butchar, Jonathan P., PhD, Tridandapani, Susheela, PhD, Yu, Lianbo, PhD, Rampersaud, Arfaan A., PhD, Carson, William E., MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacokinetics
Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use
Animals
Cells, Cultured
Fluorescence
Fluorescent Dyes - pharmacokinetics
Fluorescent Dyes - therapeutic use
Humans
Immunity, Cellular - drug effects
Immunity, Innate - drug effects
Immunotherapy
Internal Medicine
Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects
Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Monocytes
Monocytes - drug effects
Monocytes - immunology
Nanodiamonds
Nanodiamonds - analysis
Nanodiamonds - therapeutic use
Natural killer cells
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
RAW 264.7 Cells
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Summary:Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are nontoxic, infinitely photostable, and emit fluorescence in the near infrared region. Natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes are part of the innate immune system and are crucial to the control of carcinogenesis. FND-mediated stimulation of these cells may serve as a strategy to enhance anti-tumor activity. FNDs were fabricated with a diameter of 70 ± 28 nm. Innate immune cell FND uptake, viability, surface marker expression, and cytokine production were evaluated in vitro . Evaluation of fluorescence emission from the FNDs was conducted in an animal model. In vitro results demonstrated that treatment of immune cells with FNDs resulted in significant dose-dependent FND uptake, no compromise in cell viability, and immune cell activation. FNDs were visualized in an animal model. Hence, FNDs may serve as novel agents with “track and trace” capabilities to stimulate innate immune cell anti-tumor responses, especially as FNDs are amenable to surface-conjugation with immunomodulatory molecules.
ISSN:1549-9634
1549-9642
DOI:10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.005