Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity and the Entomocidal Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Algeria

• Published in: Toxins 2017-04, Vol.9 (4), p.139
• Main Authors: Djenane, Zahia, Nateche, Farida, Amziane, Meriam, Gomis-Cebolla, Joaquín, El-Aichar, Fairouz, Khorf, Hassiba, Ferré, Juan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algeria; Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacillus thuringiensis - chemistry; Bacillus thuringiensis - genetics; Bacillus thuringiensis - isolation & purification; Bacillus thuringiensis - ultrastructure; Bacterial Proteins - isolation & purification; Bacterial Proteins - pharmacology; Bacterial Toxins - isolation & purification; Bacterial Toxins - pharmacology; Chitinase; Chitinases - genetics; Cryptochromes - genetics; Endochitinase; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Escherichia coli - growth & development; Fungi - drug effects; Fungi - growth & development; Fungicides; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic diversity; Hexosaminidases - genetics; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - growth & development; Soil Microbiology; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development
• ISSN: 2072-6651; 2072-6651
• DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040139

This work represents the first initiative to analyze the distribution of in Algeria and to evaluate the biological potential of the isolates. A total of 157 isolates were recovered, with at least one isolate in 94.4% of the samples. The highest Bt index was found in samples from rhizospheric soil (0.48) and from the Mediterranean area (0.44). Most isolates showed antifungal activity (98.5%), in contrast to the few that had antibacterial activity (29.9%). A high genetic diversity was made evident by the finding of many different crystal shapes and various combinations of shapes within a single isolate (in 58.4% of the isolates). Also, over 50% of the isolates harbored , , or genes, and 69.3% contained a gene. A good correlation between the presence of chitinase genes and antifungal activity was observed. More than half of the isolates with a broad spectrum of antifungal activity harbored both endochitinase and exochitinase genes. Interestingly, 15 isolates contained the two chitinase genes and all of the above family genes, with some of them harboring a gene as well. The combination of this large number of genes coding for entomopathogenic proteins suggests a putative wide range of entomotoxic activity.