Using clinically acquired MRI to construct age‐specific ADC atlases: Quantifying spatiotemporal ADC changes from birth to 6‐year old

• Published in: Human brain mapping 2017-06, Vol.38 (6), p.3052-3068
• Main Authors: Ou, Yangming, Zöllei, Lilla, Retzepi, Kallirroi, Castro, Victor, Bates, Sara V., Pieper, Steve, Andriole, Katherine P., Murphy, Shawn N., Gollub, Randy L., Grant, Patricia Ellen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Adult; Age; atlas construction; big data informatics; Bins; Brain; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain - growth & development; Brain Injuries - diagnostic imaging; Brain Injuries - pathology; Brain injury; Brain Mapping; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; clinical images; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion coefficient; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; diffusion MRI; Electronic health records; Electronic Health Records - statistics & numerical data; Head injuries; Health care; Humans; Image acquisition; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imaging; Myelination; Neonates; neurodevelopment; Neuroimaging; Radiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1065-9471; 1097-0193
• DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23573

Diffusion imaging is critical for detecting acute brain injury. However, normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps change rapidly in early childhood, making abnormality detection difficult. In this article, we explored clinical PACS and electronic healthcare records (EHR) to create age‐specific ADC atlases for clinical radiology reference. Using the EHR and three rounds of multiexpert reviews, we found ADC maps from 201 children 0–6 years of age scanned between 2006 and 2013 who had brain MRIs with no reported abnormalities and normal clinical evaluations 2+ years later. These images were grouped in 10 age bins, densely sampling the first 1 year of life (5 bins, including neonates and 4 quarters) and representing the 1–6 year age range (an age bin per year). Unbiased group‐wise registration was used to construct ADC atlases for 10 age bins. We used the atlases to quantify (a) cross‐sectional normative ADC variations; (b) spatiotemporal heterogeneous ADC changes; and (c) spatiotemporal heterogeneous volumetric changes. The quantified age‐specific whole‐brain and region‐wise ADC values were compared to those from age‐matched individual subjects in our study and in multiple existing independent studies. The significance of this study is that we have shown that clinically acquired images can be used to construct normative age‐specific atlases. These first of their kind age‐specific normative ADC atlases quantitatively characterize changes of myelination‐related water diffusion in the first 6 years of life. The quantified voxel‐wise spatiotemporal ADC variations provide standard references to assist radiologists toward more objective interpretation of abnormalities in clinical images. Our atlases are available at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mgh_adcatlases. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3052–3068, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.