The "Metabolic Memory" Theory and the Early Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Prevention of Diabetic Complications

Several epidemiological and prospective studies suggest that an early intensive control of hyperglycaemia is able to decrease the risk of diabetic micro- and macro-vascular complications. A growing body of experimental evidence supports the concept that the risk for diabetes complications may be lin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2017-04, Vol.9 (5), p.437
Main Authors: Testa, Roberto, Bonfigli, Anna Rita, Prattichizzo, Francesco, La Sala, Lucia, De Nigris, Valeria, Ceriello, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Chemical compounds
Complications
Diabetes
Diabetes Complications - blood
Diabetes Complications - metabolism
Diabetes Complications - prevention & control
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control
Epidemiology
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Glycation End Products, Advanced - blood
Glycosylation
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia - blood
Hyperglycemia - drug therapy
Hyperglycemia - metabolism
Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use
Metabolism
Microvessels - physiopathology
Normalizing
Oxidative Stress
Patients
Pharmacology
Proteins
Reagents
Review
Risk
Risk Factors
Risk reduction
Stability
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Summary:Several epidemiological and prospective studies suggest that an early intensive control of hyperglycaemia is able to decrease the risk of diabetic micro- and macro-vascular complications. A growing body of experimental evidence supports the concept that the risk for diabetes complications may be linked to oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, epigenetic changes, and chronic inflammation, laying the foundation for the "metabolic memory" theory. From a clinical point of view, this theory supports the need for a very early aggressive treatment, with the goal of normalizing metabolic control as soon as possible. It may also prove beneficial to introduce therapeutic agents that are able to reduce reactive species and glycation, in addition to presenting better control of glucose levels in patients with diabetes, in order to minimize long-term diabetes complications. In this review, we evaluate the effect of glucose intake and metabolism in the light of this theory.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu9050437