Importance of serological cross-reactivity among Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia spp., Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and B. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different te...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Parasitology 2017-06, Vol.144 (7), p.851-868
Main Authors: GONDIM, LUÍS F. P., MINEO, JOSÉ R., SCHARES, GEREON
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Abortion
Agglutination
Animal health
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Protozoan - immunology
Antigens
Apical membrane antigen 1
Assaying
Besnoitiosis
Biochemistry
Body fluids
Bradyzoites
Cats
Cattle
Cell culture
Coccidiosis - immunology
Coccidiosis - parasitology
Coccidiosis - veterinary
Complement fixation
Cross Reactions - immunology
Cross-reactivity
Cultivation
Cysts
Discrimination
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Enzymes
Epithelial cells
Epithelium
Feces
Food
Homeotherms
Humans
Immunology
Infections
Infertility
Intestine
Livestock
Parasites
Parasitology
Pathogens
Pregnancy
Primates
Protozoa
Reactivity
Reproduction (biology)
Review
Rodents
Sarcocystidae - physiology
Serological tests
Sexual reproduction
Species Specificity
Studies
Vaccines
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Description
Summary:Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and B. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected with T. gondii and H. hammondi, as well as among animals infected by T. gondii and N. caninum. Infections caused by N. caninum and N. hughesi are almost indistinguishable by serology. Neospora caninum, B. besnoiti and Sarcocystis spp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity between Neospora spp. and H. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected with T. gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and B. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods for N. caninum diagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.
ISSN:0031-1820
1469-8161
DOI:10.1017/S0031182017000063