Naltrexone moderates the relationship between cue-induced craving and subjective response to methamphetamine in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder

• Published in: Psychopharmacology 2017-07, Vol.234 (13), p.1997-2007
• Main Authors: Roche, Daniel J. O., Worley, Matthew J., Courtney, Kelly E., Bujarski, Spencer, London, Edythe D., Shoptaw, Steven, Ray, Lara A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; Behavior, Addictive - drug therapy; Behavior, Addictive - psychology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Clinical outcomes; Conditioning, Psychological - drug effects; Control; Craving - drug effects; Criteria; Cues; Data Collection; Data processing; Desire; Double-Blind Method; Drug abuse; Drug abuse treatment; Drug addiction; Emotions - drug effects; Humans; Intravenous administration; Methamphetamine; Methamphetamine - administration & dosage; Methods; Naltrexone; Naltrexone - pharmacology; Neurosciences; Opioid receptors; Oral cavity; Original Investigation; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Physiological aspects; Psychiatry; Psychotropic drugs; Stimulation; Substance abuse treatment; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0033-3158; 1432-2072; 1432-2072
• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4607-8

Rationale Reductions in cue-induced craving and subjective response to drugs of abuse are commonly used as initial outcome measures when testing novel medications for the treatment of addiction. Yet neither the relationship between these two measures at the individual level nor the moderating effects of pharmacotherapies on this relationship has been examined. Objective This secondary data analysis sought to examine (1) the predictive relationship between cue-induced craving and subsequent acute subjective response to methamphetamine (MA) and (2) whether the opioid-receptor antagonist naltrexone moderated this association in a sample of non-treatment-seeking individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for MA use disorder (abuse or dependence). Methods Participants ( n  = 30) completed two 4-day medication regimens (oral naltrexone 50 mg or placebo, in a randomized, counterbalanced, and double-blind fashion). On day 4 of each medication regimen, participants completed a cue-reactivity paradigm followed by intravenous MA administration. Methamphetamine craving was assessed after the cue-reactivity paradigm, and subjective response to MA was assessed during MA infusion. Results Cue-induced craving for MA was positively associated with post-infusion subjective MA effects, including positive (i.e., stimulation, good effects, feel drug, high), negative (i.e., anxious and depressed), and craving-related (i.e., want more, would like access to drug, crave) responses. Naltrexone, vs. placebo, significantly reduced the association between cue-induced craving and positive subjective response to MA. Conclusions The findings indicate that naltrexone moderates the predictive relationship between cue-induced craving and positive subjective effects of MA, thereby suggesting a behavioral mechanism by which naltrexone may be efficacious in treating MA use disorder.