Dissipation of S-metolachlor in plant and soil and effect on enzymatic activities

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment 2017-07, Vol.189 (7), p.355-355, Article 355
• Main Authors: Wołejko, Elżbieta, Kaczyński, Piotr, Łozowicka, Bożena, Wydro, Urszula, Borusiewicz, Andrzej, Hrynko, Izabela, Konecki, Rafał, Snarska, Krystyna, Dec, Dorota, Malinowski, Paweł
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetamides - analysis; Acid phosphatase; Acidic soils; Alkaline soils; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Carbon; Chemical properties; Chemicophysical properties; Chromatography, Liquid; Corn; Detection; Dissipation; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Ecosystems; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental science; Enzymatic activity; Enzyme activity; Enzyme kinetics; Herbicides; Herbicides - analysis; Kinetics; Magnesium; Metolachlor; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Organic carbon; Organic phosphorus; Phosphatase; Phosphorus; Physicochemical properties; Potassium; Residues; Soil; Soil - chemistry; Soil Microbiology; Soil pH; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil properties; Soils; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Zea mays - chemistry
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6071-7

The present study aimed at evaluating the dissipation of S-metolachlor (S-MET) at three doses in maize growing on diverse physico-chemical properties of soil. The effect of herbicide on dehydrogenase (DHA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was estimated. A modified QuEChERS method using LC-MS/MS has been developed. The limit of quantification (0.001 mg kg −1 ) and detection (0.0005 mg kg −1 ) were very low for soil and maize samples. The mean recoveries and RSDs for the six spiked levels (0.001–0.5 mg kg −1 ) were 91.3 and 5.8%. The biggest differences in concentration of S-MET in maize were observed between the 28th and 63rd days. The dissipation of S-MET in the alkaline soil was the slowest between the 2nd and 7th days, and in the acidic soil between the 5th and 11th days. DT 50 of S-MET calculated according to the first-order kinetics model was 11.1–14.7 days (soil) and 9.6–13.9 days (maize). The enzymatic activity of soil was higher in the acidic environment. One observed the significant positive correlation of ACP with pH of soil and contents of potassium and magnesium and negative with contents of phosphorus and organic carbon. The results indicated that at harvest time, the residues of S-MET in maize were well below the safety limit for maize. The findings of this study will foster the research on main parameters influencing the dissipation in maize ecosystems.