Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review

Cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are responsible for toxic effects in humans and wildlife. In order to counteract or prevent their toxicity, various strategies have been followed, such as the potential application of chemoprotectants. A review of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2017-05, Vol.9 (6), p.175
Main Authors: Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios, Puerto, María, Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel, Prieto, Ana I, Pichardo, Silvia, Jos, Ángeles, Campos, Alexandre, Vasconcelos, Vitor, Cameán, Ana M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacterial Toxins - toxicity
Humans
Microcystins - toxicity
Protective Agents - therapeutic use
Review
Uracil - analogs & derivatives
Uracil - toxicity
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Summary:Cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are responsible for toxic effects in humans and wildlife. In order to counteract or prevent their toxicity, various strategies have been followed, such as the potential application of chemoprotectants. A review of the main substances evaluated for this aim, as well as the doses and their influence on cyanotoxin-induced toxicity, has been performed. A search of the literature shows that research on MCs is much more abundant than research on CYN. Among chemoprotectants, antioxidant compounds are the most extensively studied, probably because it is well known that oxidative stress is one of the toxic mechanisms common to both toxins. In this group, vitamin E seems to have the strongest protectant effect for both cyanotoxins. Transport inhibitors have also been studied in the case of MCs, as CYN cellular uptake is not yet fully elucidated. Further research is needed because systematic studies are lacking. Moreover, more realistic exposure scenarios, including cyanotoxin mixtures and the concomitant use of chemoprotectants, should be considered.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins9060175