Formation and role of exosomes in cancer

Exosomes offer new insight into cancer biology with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Because of their cell-to-cell communication, exosomes influence tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy. They can be isolated from blood and other bodily fluids to reveal disease process...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2015-02, Vol.72 (4), p.659-671
Main Authors: Brinton, Lindsey T, Sloane, Hillary S, Kester, Mark, Kelly, Kimberly A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
biogenesis
biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
blood
Cancer
Cancer Vaccines - immunology
Cell Biology
cell communication
Cellular biology
Chemotherapy
cytotoxicity
drug therapy
drugs
Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Fibroblasts - metabolism
Humans
immunity
Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology
Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism
Life Sciences
metastasis
neoplasm cells
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - therapy
permeability
Review
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
Vaccines
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Summary:Exosomes offer new insight into cancer biology with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Because of their cell-to-cell communication, exosomes influence tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy. They can be isolated from blood and other bodily fluids to reveal disease processes occurring within the body, including cancerous growth. In addition to being a reservoir of cancer biomarkers, they can be re-engineered to reinstate tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with various cells of the microenvironment to confer tumor-advantageous changes that are responsible for stromal activation, induction of the angiogenic switch, increased vascular permeability, and immune escape. Exosomes also contribute to metastasis by aiding in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Furthermore, exosomes protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs and transfer chemoresistance properties to nearby cells. Thus, exosomes are essential to many lethal elements of cancer and it is important to understand their biogenesis and role in cancer.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-014-1764-3