Lessons learned from birth cohort studies conducted in diverse environments

Childhood asthma develops from a complex interaction among host and environmental factors in early life. Birth cohort studies have provided valuable insight into asthma risk factors and the natural history of wheezing and asthma through childhood and beyond. Early life aeroallergen sensitization and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2017-02, Vol.139 (2), p.379-386
Main Authors: Jackson, Daniel J., MD, Gern, James E., MD, Lemanske, Robert F., MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accreditation
Allergens - immunology
Allergies
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Asthma
Asthma - epidemiology
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Child
Child, Preschool
Children & youth
Cohort Studies
Common Cold - epidemiology
Copyright
Disclosure
Disease
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Health education
Homeostasis
Hospitals
Humans
Illnesses
Immunity, Mucosal
Immunology
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Pregnancy
Studies
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Summary:Childhood asthma develops from a complex interaction among host and environmental factors in early life. Birth cohort studies have provided valuable insight into asthma risk factors and the natural history of wheezing and asthma through childhood and beyond. Early life aeroallergen sensitization and wheezing illnesses associated with virus and bacterial infections have been identified as pivotal risk factors for asthma inception. Recently, focus has turned toward protective factors that promote lung health in children. Studies in a variety of environments, including farms and urban communities, suggest that diverse exposures to microbes in early life lead to a lower risk of allergy and asthma in childhood. The mechanisms underlying how these exposures and the gut and airway microbiomes alter the host response to allergens and viruses are of interest and an area of ongoing study. Longitudinal follow up of birth cohorts in diverse environments worldwide will continue to provide critical knowledge about the factors that impact the natural history of asthma.
ISSN:0091-6749
1097-6825
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.941