Obesity and stress urinary incontinence in women: compromised continence mechanism or excess bladder pressure during cough?

• Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 2017-09, Vol.28 (9), p.1377-1385
• Main Authors: Swenson, Carolyn W., Kolenic, Giselle E., Trowbridge, Elisa R., Berger, Mitchell B., Lewicky-Gaupp, Christina, Margulies, Rebecca U., Morgan, Daniel M., Fenner, Dee E., DeLancey, John O.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body mass index; Gynecology; Hypotheses; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Obesity; Original Article; Urinary incontinence; Urology
• ISSN: 0937-3462; 1433-3023
• DOI: 10.1007/s00192-017-3279-6

Introduction and hypothesis We compared two hypotheses as to why obesity is associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI): (1) obesity increases demand on the continence system (e.g. higher cough pressure) and (2) obesity compromises urethral function and urethrovaginal support. Methods A secondary analysis was performed using data from a case–control study of SUI in women. Measurements of urethrovaginal support (POP-Q point Aa, urethral axis), urethral function (maximal urethral closure pressure, MUCP), and measures of continence system demand (intravesical pressures at rest and during maximal cough) were analyzed. Cases and controls were divided into three body mass index (BMI) groups: normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ); overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 ); and obese (≥30 kg/m 2 ). Logistic regression models where created to investigate variables related to SUI for each BMI group. Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect relationships among BMI, SUI, maximal cough pressure, MUCP, and POP-Q point Aa. Results The study included 108 continent controls and 103 women with SUI. MUCP was the factor most strongly associated with SUI in all BMI groups. Maximal cough pressure was significantly associated with SUI in obese women (OR 3.191, 95% CI 1.326, 7.683; p