Inward H + pump xenorhodopsin: Mechanism and alternative optogenetic approach

Generation of an electrochemical proton gradient is the first step of cell bioenergetics. In prokaryotes, the gradient is created by outward membrane protein proton pumps. Inward plasma membrane native proton pumps are yet unknown. We describe comprehensive functional studies of the representatives...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science advances 2017-09, Vol.3 (9), p.e1603187-e1603187
Main Authors: Shevchenko, Vitaly, Mager, Thomas, Kovalev, Kirill, Polovinkin, Vitaly, Alekseev, Alexey, Juettner, Josephine, Chizhov, Igor, Bamann, Christian, Vavourakis, Charlotte, Ghai, Rohit, Gushchin, Ivan, Borshchevskiy, Valentin, Rogachev, Andrey, Melnikov, Igor, Popov, Alexander, Balandin, Taras, Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco, Manstein, Dietmar J, Bueldt, Georg, Bamberg, Ernst, Gordeliy, Valentin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archaea - metabolism
Binding Sites
Biological Physics
Cell Line
Cell Models
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Escherichia coli - metabolism
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Life Sciences
Light
Liposomes
Models, Molecular
Optogenetics - methods
Physics
Protein Binding
Protein Conformation
Proton Pumps - metabolism
Protons
Retina - metabolism
Rhodopsin - chemistry
Rhodopsin - metabolism
SciAdv r-articles
Spectrum Analysis
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Summary:Generation of an electrochemical proton gradient is the first step of cell bioenergetics. In prokaryotes, the gradient is created by outward membrane protein proton pumps. Inward plasma membrane native proton pumps are yet unknown. We describe comprehensive functional studies of the representatives of the yet noncharacterized xenorhodopsins from Nanohaloarchaea family of microbial rhodopsins. They are inward proton pumps as we demonstrate in model membrane systems, cells, human embryonic kidney cells, neuroblastoma cells, and rat hippocampal neuronal cells. We also solved the structure of a xenorhodopsin from the nanohalosarchaeon ( XeR) and suggest a mechanism of inward proton pumping. We demonstrate that the XeR is a powerful pump, which is able to elicit action potentials in rat hippocampal neuronal cells up to their maximal intrinsic firing frequency. Hence, inwardly directed proton pumps are suitable for light-induced remote control of neurons, and they are an alternative to the well-known cation-selective channelrhodopsins.
ISSN:2375-2548
2375-2548
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1603187