Pro‐contractile effects of perivascular fat in health and disease

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active player in vascular homeostasis. The expansion of PVAT in obesity and its possible role in vascular dysfunction have attracted much interest. In terms of the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, PVAT has been shown to releas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of pharmacology 2017-10, Vol.174 (20), p.3482-3495
Main Authors: Ramirez, J G, O'Malley, E J, Ho, W S V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - physiology
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - physiology
Angiotensin
Animals
Blood pressure
Blood Vessels - physiology
Cardiovascular diseases
Chemokines
Contractility
Cytokines
Endothelium
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypoxia
Immune System - physiology
Molecular modelling
Muscle contraction
Muscles
Nerves
Obesity
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Smooth muscle
Themed Section: Review
Vasoactive agents
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
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Summary:Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active player in vascular homeostasis. The expansion of PVAT in obesity and its possible role in vascular dysfunction have attracted much interest. In terms of the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, PVAT has been shown to release vasoactive mediators, for instance, angiotensin peptides, reactive oxygen species, chemokines and cytokines. The secretory profile of PVAT is altered by obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, leading to an imbalance between its pro‐contractile and anti‐contractile effects. PVAT adipocytes represent an important source of the mediators, but infiltrating immune cells may become more important under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation. This review describes recent advances in the effects of PVAT on the regulation of vascular tone, highlighting the evidence for a pro‐contractile action in health and disease. The role of the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, immune cells and probably perivascular nerves in PVAT function is also discussed. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue – Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc
ISSN:0007-1188
1476-5381
DOI:10.1111/bph.13767