CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration

There is an increasing recognition that inflammation plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and the prototypic neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Differential immune...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of clinical investigation 2017-10, Vol.127 (10), p.3577-3587
Main Authors: Chitnis, Tanuja, Weiner, Howard L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer Disease - immunology
Alzheimer Disease - therapy
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - immunology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - therapy
Analysis
Animals
Apoptosis
Biomedical research
Care and treatment
Central nervous system
Diagnosis
Humans
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - therapy
Innate immunity
Kinases
Macrophages
Movement disorders
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - immunology
Multiple Sclerosis - therapy
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Parkinson's disease
Review Series
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Summary:There is an increasing recognition that inflammation plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and the prototypic neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Differential immune responses involving the adaptive versus the innate immune system are observed at various stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and may not only drive disease processes but could serve as therapeutic targets. Ongoing investigations into the specific inflammatory mechanisms that play roles in disease causation and progression have revealed lessons about inflammation-driven neurodegeneration that can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. An increasing number of immunotherapeutic strategies that have been successful in MS are now being applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. Some approaches suppress CNS immune mechanisms, while others harness the immune system to clear deleterious products and cells. This Review focuses on the mechanisms by which inflammation, mediated either by the peripheral immune response or by endogenous CNS immune mechanisms, can affect CNS neurodegeneration.
ISSN:0021-9738
1558-8238
DOI:10.1172/JCI90609