Sasquatch: predicting the impact of regulatory SNPs on transcription factor binding from cell- and tissue-specific DNase footprints

In the era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and personalized medicine, predicting the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory elements is an important goal. Current approaches to determine the potential of regulatory SNPs depend on inadequate knowledge of cell-specifi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genome research 2017-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1730-1742
Main Authors: Schwessinger, Ron, Suciu, Maria C, McGowan, Simon J, Telenius, Jelena, Taylor, Stephen, Higgs, Doug R, Hughes, Jim R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Deoxyribonucleases - chemistry
DNA Footprinting - methods
Erythroid Cells - metabolism
Humans
Method
Nucleotide Motifs
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Predictive Value of Tests
Response Elements
Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods
Transcription Factors - metabolism
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Summary:In the era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and personalized medicine, predicting the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory elements is an important goal. Current approaches to determine the potential of regulatory SNPs depend on inadequate knowledge of cell-specific DNA binding motifs. Here, we present Sasquatch, a new computational approach that uses DNase footprint data to estimate and visualize the effects of noncoding variants on transcription factor binding. Sasquatch performs a comprehensive -mer-based analysis of DNase footprints to determine any -mer's potential for protein binding in a specific cell type and how this may be changed by sequence variants. Therefore, Sasquatch uses an unbiased approach, independent of known transcription factor binding sites and motifs. Sasquatch only requires a single DNase-seq data set per cell type, from any genotype, and produces consistent predictions from data generated by different experimental procedures and at different sequence depths. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of Sasquatch using previously validated functional SNPs and benchmark its performance against existing approaches. Sasquatch is available as a versatile webtool incorporating publicly available data, including the human ENCODE collection. Thus, Sasquatch provides a powerful tool and repository for prioritizing likely regulatory SNPs in the noncoding genome.
ISSN:1088-9051
1549-5469
DOI:10.1101/gr.220202.117