The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) Tracks 2-3 Peta-Gram Increase in Carbon Release to the Atmosphere During the 2014-2016 El Nino

The powerful El Niño event of 2015-2016 - the third most intense since the 1950s - has exerted a large impact on the Earth's natural climate system. The column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) observations from satellites and ground based networks are analyzed together with in situ obs...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2017-10, Vol.7 (1), p.13567-12, Article 13567
Main Authors: Patra, Prabir K, Crisp, David, Kaiser, Joohannes W, Wunch, Debra, Saeki, Tazu, Ichii, Kazuhito, Sekiya, Takashi, Wennberg, Paul O, Feist, Dietrich G, Pollard, David F, Griffith, David W T, Velazco, Voltaire A, Maziere, M De, Sha, Mahesh K, Roehl, Coleen M, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Ishijima, Kentaro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/766/25
704/47/4113
Anthropogenic factors
Atmosphere
Atmospheric chemistry
Burning
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Climate system
Drought
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
El Nino
Fossil fuels
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Satellites
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
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Summary:The powerful El Niño event of 2015-2016 - the third most intense since the 1950s - has exerted a large impact on the Earth's natural climate system. The column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) observations from satellites and ground based networks are analyzed together with in situ observations for the period of September 2014 to October 2016. From the differences between satellite (OCO-2) observations and simulations using an atmospheric chemistry-transport model, we estimate that, relative to the mean annual fluxes for 2014, the most recent El Niño has contributed to an excess CO2 emission from the Earth's surface (land+ocean) to the atmosphere in the range of 2.4+/-0.2 PgC (1 Pg = 10(exp 15) g) over the period of July 2015 to June 2016. The excess CO2 flux is resulted primarily from reduction in vegetation uptake due to drought, and to a lesser degree from increased biomass burning. It is about the half of the CO2 flux anomaly (range: 4.4-6.7 PgC) estimated for the 1997/1998 El Niño. The annual total sink is estimated to be 3.9+/-0.2 PgC for the assumed fossil fuel emission of 10.1 PgC. The major uncertainty in attribution arise from error in anthropogenic emission trends, satellite data and atmospheric transport.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-13459-0