Relationship Between Total and Bioaccessible Lead on Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Urban Residential Philadelphia Soils

Relationships between total soil or bioaccessible lead (Pb), measured using an in vitro bioaccessibility assay, and children’s blood lead levels (BLL) were investigated in an urban neighborhood in Philadelphia, PA, with a history of soil Pb contamination. Soil samples from 38 homes were analyzed to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2017-09, Vol.51 (17), p.10005-10011
Main Authors: Bradham, Karen D., Nelson, Clay M., Kelly, Jack, Pomales, Ana, Scruton, Karen, Dignam, Tim, Misenheimer, John C., Li, Kevin, Obenour, Daniel R., Thomas, David J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioavailability
Biological Availability
Blood
Blood levels
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Contamination
Humans
Lead
Lead - analysis
Lead - blood
Lead content
Lead poisoning
Mathematical models
Neighborhoods
Philadelphia
Soil
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil pollution
Soils
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Urban areas
Urban Population
Variability
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Summary:Relationships between total soil or bioaccessible lead (Pb), measured using an in vitro bioaccessibility assay, and children’s blood lead levels (BLL) were investigated in an urban neighborhood in Philadelphia, PA, with a history of soil Pb contamination. Soil samples from 38 homes were analyzed to determine whether accounting for the bioaccessible Pb fraction improves statistical relationships with children’s BLLs. Total soil Pb concentration ranged from 58 to 2821 mg/kg; the bioaccessible Pb concentration ranged from 47 to 2567 mg/kg. Children’s BLLs ranged from 0.3 to 9.8 μg/dL. Hierarchical models were used to compare relationships between total or bioaccessible Pb in soil and children’s BLLs. Total soil Pb concentration as the predictor accounted for 23% of the variability in child BLL; bioaccessible soil Pb concentration as the predictor accounted for 26% of BLL variability. A bootstrapping analysis confirmed a significant increase in R 2 for the model using bioaccessible soil Pb concentration as the predictor with 99.0% of bootstraps showing a positive increase. Estimated increases of 1.3 μg/dL and 1.5 μg/dL in BLL per 1000 mg/kg Pb in soil were observed for this study area using total and bioaccessible Pb concentrations, respectively. Children’s age did not contribute significantly to the prediction of BLLs.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.7b02058