Markers and Biomarkers of Endothelium: When Something Is Rotten in the State

Endothelium is a community of endothelial cells (ECs), which line the blood and lymphatic vessels, thus forming an interface between the tissues and the blood or lympha. This strategic position of endothelium infers its indispensable functional role in controlling vasoregulation, haemostasis, and in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2017-01, Vol.2017 (2017), p.1-27
Main Authors: Avdonin, Pavel V., Jenkins, Richard O., Nadeev, Alexander D., Goncharov, Nikolay V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomarkers - metabolism
Blood
Blood-brain barrier
Bone marrow
Cell Adhesion Molecules - metabolism
Cellular Senescence
Diabetes
Disease
Endothelium
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
Exercise
Genotype & phenotype
Heart
Humans
Medicine
Older people
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - metabolism
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor - metabolism
Review
Selectins - metabolism
Sports medicine
Stem cells
Systematic review
von Willebrand Factor - metabolism
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Summary:Endothelium is a community of endothelial cells (ECs), which line the blood and lymphatic vessels, thus forming an interface between the tissues and the blood or lympha. This strategic position of endothelium infers its indispensable functional role in controlling vasoregulation, haemostasis, and inflammation. The state of endothelium is simultaneously the cause and effect of many diseases, and this is coupled with modifications of endothelial phenotype represented by markers and with biochemical profile of blood represented by biomarkers. In this paper, we briefly review data on the functional role of endothelium, give definitions of endothelial markers and biomarkers, touch on the methodological approaches for revealing biomarkers, present an implicit role of endothelium in some toxicological mechanistic studies, and survey the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of endothelial status.
ISSN:1942-0900
1942-0994
DOI:10.1155/2017/9759735