Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the diet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2017-12, Vol.9 (12), p.1348
Main Authors: McNabney, Sean M, Henagan, Tara M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acetates
Acetic acid
butyrates
Butyrates - metabolism
Chains
Colon
Colon - metabolism
Colon cancer
Colonic Neoplasms - etiology
Colonic Neoplasms - prevention & control
Colorectal cancer
colorectal neoplasms
Dietary fiber
Dietary Fiber - pharmacology
dietary supplements
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism
Fermentation
Fermentation - drug effects
high fat diet
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - etiology
Obesity - prevention & control
Propionates - metabolism
Propionic acid
protective effect
Review
short chain fatty acids
Tissues
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Summary:Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the dietary fiber in the colon. Indeed, oral and dietary supplementation of butyrate alone has been shown to prevent high fat-diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. This review focuses on sources of short chain fatty acids, with emphasis on sources of butyrate, mechanisms of fiber and butyrate metabolism in the gut and its protective effects on colon cancer and the peripheral effects of butyrate supplementation in peripheral tissues in the prevention and reversal of obesity and insulin resistance.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu9121348