Responses to Cytokines and Interferons that Depend upon JAKs and STATs

Many cytokines and all interferons activate members of a small family of kinases (the Janus kinases [JAKs]) and a slightly larger family of transcription factors (the signal transducers and activators of transcription [STATs]), which are essential components of pathways that induce the expression of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 2018-01, Vol.10 (1), p.a028555
Main Authors: Stark, George R, Cheon, HyeonJoo, Wang, Yuxin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cancer
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Cytokines
Cytokines - pharmacology
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Genetics
Glycosylation
Humans
Immune response
Interferon
Interferons - pharmacology
Janus kinase
Janus Kinases - genetics
Janus Kinases - physiology
Kinases
Mutation
PERSPECTIVES
Phosphorylation
Proteins
Regulatory proteins
STAT Transcription Factors - genetics
STAT Transcription Factors - physiology
Transcription factors
Transducers
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Summary:Many cytokines and all interferons activate members of a small family of kinases (the Janus kinases [JAKs]) and a slightly larger family of transcription factors (the signal transducers and activators of transcription [STATs]), which are essential components of pathways that induce the expression of specific sets of genes in susceptible cells. JAK-STAT pathways are required for many innate and acquired immune responses, and the activities of these pathways must be finely regulated to avoid major immune dysfunctions. Regulation is achieved through mechanisms that include the activation or induction of potent negative regulatory proteins, posttranslational modification of the STATs, and other modulatory effects that are cell-type specific. Mutations of JAKs and STATs can result in gains or losses of function and can predispose affected individuals to autoimmune disease, susceptibility to a variety of infections, or cancer. Here we review recent developments in the biochemistry, genetics, and biology of JAKs and STATs.
ISSN:1943-0264
1943-0264
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a028555