SCWISh network is essential for survival under mechanical pressure

Cells that proliferate within a confined environment build up mechanical compressive stress. For example, mechanical pressure emerges in the naturally space-limited tumor environment. However, little is known about how cells sense and respond to mechanical compression. We developed microfluidic bior...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2017-12, Vol.114 (51), p.13465-13470
Main Authors: Delarue, Morgan, Poterewicz, Gregory, Hoxha, Ori, Choi, Jessica, Yoo, Wonjung, Kayser, Jona, Holt, Liam, Hallatschek, Oskar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Baking yeast
Biological Physics
Biological Sciences
Bioreactors
Biotechnology
Cell cycle
Cell survival
Cell walls
Cells
Compression
Compressive properties
Confined spaces
G1 phase
Life Sciences
Low pressure
Microfluidics
Mucin
Physics
Pressure
Pressure cells
Proteins
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Stress
Stresses
Survival
Yeast
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Summary:Cells that proliferate within a confined environment build up mechanical compressive stress. For example, mechanical pressure emerges in the naturally space-limited tumor environment. However, little is known about how cells sense and respond to mechanical compression. We developed microfluidic bioreactors to enable the investigation of the effects of compressive stress on the growth of the genetically tractable model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used this system to determine that compressive stress is partly sensed through a module consisting of the mucin Msb2 and the cell wall protein Sho1, which act together as a sensor module in one of the two major osmosensing pathways in budding yeast. This signal is transmitted via the MAPKKK kinase Ste11. Thus, we term this mechanosensitive pathway the “SMuSh” pathway, for Ste11 through Mucin/Sho1 pathway. The SMuSh pathway delays cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and improves cell survival in response to growth-induced pressure. We also found that the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway contributes to the response to mechanical compressive stress. These latter results are confirmed in complimentary experiments in Mishra et al. [Mishra R, et al. (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10.1073/pnas.1709079114]. When both the SMuSh and the CWI pathways are deleted, cells fail to adapt to compressive stress, and all cells lyse at relatively low pressure when grown in confinement. Thus, we define a network that is essential for cell survival during growth under pressure. We term this mechanosensory system the SCWISh (survival through the CWI and SMuSh) network.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1711204114