Clinical strategy of diagnosing and following patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on invasive and noninvasive methods

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of chronic liver injury in many countries. The incidence of NAFLD is rising rapidly in both adults and children, because of the currently ongoing epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Notably, histological liver fibrosis is recognize...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of gastroenterology 2018-02, Vol.53 (2), p.181-196
Main Authors: Yoneda, Masato, Imajo, Kento, Takahashi, Hirokazu, Ogawa, Yuji, Eguchi, Yuichiro, Sumida, Yoshio, Yoneda, Masashi, Kawanaka, Miwa, Saito, Satoru, Tokushige, Katsutoshi, Nakajima, Atsushi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdominal Surgery
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biopsy
Cardiovascular diseases
Care and treatment
Children
Colorectal Surgery
Development and progression
Diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis
Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods
Epidemics
Fatty liver
Fibrosis
Gastroenterology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatology
Humans
Invasiveness
Liver - pathology
Liver diseases
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Medical diagnosis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Methods
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnosis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology
Obesity
Prognosis
Review
Severity of Illness Index
Surgical Oncology
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of chronic liver injury in many countries. The incidence of NAFLD is rising rapidly in both adults and children, because of the currently ongoing epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Notably, histological liver fibrosis is recognized as the main predictive factor for the overall long-term outcome of NAFLD, including cardiovascular disease and liver-related mortality. Thus, staging of liver fibrosis is essential in determining the prognosis and optimal treatment for patients with NAFLD and in guiding surveillance for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whereas liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging liver fibrosis, it is impossible to enforce liver biopsy in all patients with NAFLD. Noninvasive biological markers, scoring systems and noninvasive modalities are increasingly being developed and investigated to evaluate fibrosis stage of NAFLD patients. This review will highlight recent studies on the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD based on invasive (liver biopsy) or noninvasive (biomarker, scoring systems, US-based elastography and MR elastography) methods.
ISSN:0944-1174
1435-5922
DOI:10.1007/s00535-017-1414-2