Metal-based NanoEnhancers for Future Radiotherapy: Radiosensitizing and Synergistic Effects on Tumor Cells

Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Theranostics 2018-01, Vol.8 (7), p.1824-1849
Main Authors: Liu, Yan, Zhang, Pengcheng, Li, Feifei, Jin, Xiaodong, Li, Jin, Chen, Weiqiang, Li, Qiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
Metal Nanoparticles - administration & dosage
Models, Biological
Nanocomposites - administration & dosage
Nanomedicine - methods
Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Radiation-Sensitizing Agents - administration & dosage
Radiation-Sensitizing Agents - pharmacology
Radiotherapy - methods
Review
Theranostic Nanomedicine - methods
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Summary:Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular and molecular levels. Metal-based nanoparticles usually exhibit chemical inertness in cellular and subcellular systems and may play a role in radiosensitization and synergistic cell-killing effects for radiation therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of metal-based against cancers in both and systems for a range of ionizing radiations including gamma-rays, X-rays, and charged particles. The potential of translating preclinical studies on metal-based nanoparticles-enhanced radiation therapy into clinical practice is also discussed using examples of several metal-based (such as CYT-6091, AGuIX, and NBTXR3). Also, a few general examples of theranostic multimetallic nanocomposites are presented, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.
ISSN:1838-7640
1838-7640
DOI:10.7150/thno.22172