Endothelial Cell Metabolism

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological reviews 2018-01, Vol.98 (1), p.3-58
Main Authors: Eelen, Guy, de Zeeuw, Pauline, Treps, Lucas, Harjes, Ulrike, Wong, Brian W, Carmeliet, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase
Angiogenesis
Animals
Blood vessels
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase
Cells
Competitive behavior
Endothelial cells
Endothelial Cells - metabolism
Endothelium
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Epigenetics
Fructose
Glycolysis
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Metabolism
Metabolites
Neovascularization, Pathologic - metabolism
Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology
Oxidation
Palmitoyltransferase
Review
Vascular Diseases - metabolism
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
ISSN:0031-9333
1522-1210
1522-1210
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00001.2017