Oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment in patients with peripheral artery disease

• Published in: Physiological reports 2018-04, Vol.6 (7), p.e13650-n/a
• Main Authors: Koutakis, Panagiotis, Ismaeel, Ahmed, Farmer, Patrick, Purcell, Seth, Smith, Robert S., Eidson, Jack L., Bohannon, William T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Claudication; Humans; hydrogen sulfide; Ischemia; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Myopathy; nitric oxide; nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Pathophysiology; Peripheral Arterial Disease - drug therapy; Peripheral Arterial Disease - etiology; Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology; Physiology; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - adverse effects; Reperfusion; Review; Supplements; Therapeutic applications; Vascular diseases
• ISSN: 2051-817X
• DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13650

Peripheral artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease of arterial vessels that mostly affects arteries of lower extremities. Effort induced cycles of ischemia and reperfusion lead to increased reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria. Therefore, the pathophysiology of peripheral artery disease is a consequence of metabolic myopathy, and oxidative stress is the putative major operating mechanism behind the structural and metabolic changes that occur in muscle. In this review, we discuss the evidence for oxidative damage in peripheral artery disease and discuss management strategies related to antioxidant supplementation. We also highlight the major pathways governing oxidative stress in the disease and discuss their implications in disease progression. Potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic methods related to these mechanisms are explored, with an emphasis on the Nrf2 pathway. In this review, we discuss the evidence for oxidative damage in peripheral artery disease and discuss management strategies related to antioxidant supplementation. We also highlight the major pathways governing oxidative stress in the disease and discuss their implications in disease progression. Potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic methods related to these mechanisms are explored, with an emphasis on the Nrf2 pathway.