Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes

Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorder...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2018-05, Vol.55 (5), p.4388-4402
Main Authors: Janowska, Justyna, Sypecka, Joanna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Asphyxia
Asphyxia - complications
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain
Brain damage
Brain injury
Cell Biology
Cell differentiation
Cell Transplantation
Central nervous system
Cognitive ability
Complications
Encephalopathy
Humans
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Leukoencephalopathies - etiology
Leukoencephalopathies - therapy
Myelin Sheath - pathology
Neonates
Nerve Regeneration
Neurobiology
Neurological diseases
Neurology
Neurosciences
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendroglia - pathology
Pregnancy complications
Risk factors
Substantia alba
Suffocation
Trophic factors
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Summary:Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7