Reconstructing geographical parthenogenesis: effects of niche differentiation and reproductive mode on Holocene range expansion of an alpine plant

Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this ‘geographical parthenogenesis’ are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction ass...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecology letters 2018-03, Vol.21 (3), p.392-401
Main Authors: Kirchheimer, Bernhard, Wessely, Johannes, Gattringer, Andreas, Hülber, Karl, Moser, Dietmar, Schinkel, Christoph C. F., Appelhans, Marc, Klatt, Simone, Caccianiga, Marco, Dellinger, Agnes, Guisan, Antoine, Kuttner, Michael, Lenoir, Jonathan, Maiorano, Luigi, Nieto‐Lugilde, Diego, Plutzar, Christoph, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Willner, Wolfgang, Hörandl, Elvira, Dullinger, Stefan, Thrall, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alpine environments
Altitude
Apomictic plants
Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Ecology
Computer simulation
Differentiation
Ecological niches
Ecology, environment
Ecosystem
Environmental Sciences
European Alps
geographical range
Geography
Global Changes
Holocene
Letter
Letters
Life Sciences
Migration
minority cytotype disadvantage
niche shift
Parthenogenesis
Plant reproduction
Plants
Pleistocene
polyploidization
Range extension
Ranunculus
Ranunculus kuepferi
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Summary:Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this ‘geographical parthenogenesis’ are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important in case of plants. Here, we parameterized a spread model for the alpine buttercup Ranunculus kuepferi and reconstructed the joint Holocene range expansion of its sexual and apomictic cytotype across the European Alps under different simulation settings. We found that, rather than niche broadening or a higher migration rate, a shift of the apomict's niche towards colder conditions per se was crucial as it facilitated overcoming of topographical barriers, a factor likely relevant for many alpine apomicts. More generally, our simulations suggest potentially strong interacting effects of niche differentiation and reproductive modes on range formation of related sexual and asexual taxa arising from their differential sensitivity to minority cytotype disadvantage.
ISSN:1461-023X
1461-0248
DOI:10.1111/ele.12908