Heart work after errors: Behavioral adjustment following error commission involves cardiac effort

Posterror slowing (PES) is the observation that people respond slower on trials subsequent to error commissions than on trials subsequent to correct responses. Different accounts have been proposed to explain PES. On the one hand, it has been suggested that PES arises from an adaptive increase in co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cognitive, affective, & behavioral neuroscience affective, & behavioral neuroscience, 2018-04, Vol.18 (2), p.375-388
Main Authors: Spruit, Iris M., Wilderjans, Tom F., van Steenbergen, Henk
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Psychological
Adult
Attention - physiology
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Choice Behavior
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Psychology
Error correction & detection
Executive Function - physiology
Female
Heart
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Neurosciences
Orienting response
Physiology
Psychology
Psychomotor Performance
Reaction Time
Young Adult
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Summary:Posterror slowing (PES) is the observation that people respond slower on trials subsequent to error commissions than on trials subsequent to correct responses. Different accounts have been proposed to explain PES. On the one hand, it has been suggested that PES arises from an adaptive increase in cognitive control following error commission, thereby making people more cautious after making an error. On the other hand, PES has been attributed to an orienting response, indicating that attention is shifted toward the error. In the present study we tested these accounts by investigating the effects of error commission in both flanker and switch tasks on two task-evoked cardiac measures: the interbeat interval—that is, the interval between two consecutive R peaks—and the RZ interval—that is, the interval between the R peak and the Z point—as measured using electro- and impedance cardiography, respectively. These measures allowed us to measure cardiac deceleration (autonomic orienting) and cardiac effort mobilization, respectively. Our results revealed a shorter RZ interval during posterror trials, indicating increased effort mobilization following errors. In addition, we replicated earlier studies that have shown cardiac slowing during error trials. However, multilevel analyses showed that only the posterror decrease in RZ interval predicted posterror reaction times, whereas there was no positive relationship between error-related cardiac deceleration and posterror reaction times. Our results suggest that PES is related to increased cardiac effort, supporting a cognitive-control account of PES.
ISSN:1530-7026
1531-135X
DOI:10.3758/s13415-018-0576-6