Metabolomic analysis of CSF indicates brain metabolic impairment precedes hematological indices of anemia in the iron-deficient infant monkey

• Published in: Nutritional neuroscience 2018-01, Vol.21 (1), p.40-48
• Main Authors: Rao, Raghavendra, Ennis, Kathleen, Lubach, Gabriele R., Lock, Eric F., Georgieff, Michael K., Coe, Christopher L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - cerebrospinal fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain - metabolism; Cerebrospinal fluid; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Energy metabolism; Female; Hemoglobins - cerebrospinal fluid; Infant; Iron; Iron - cerebrospinal fluid; Iron deficiency; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolomics; Micronutrients - administration & dosage; Micronutrients - cerebrospinal fluid; Neurodevelopment; Protoporphyrins - cerebrospinal fluid; Rhesus monkey; Specimen Handling; Transferrin - cerebrospinal fluid
• ISSN: 1028-415X; 1476-8305
• DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2016.1217119

Objectives: Iron deficiency (ID) anemia leads to long-term neurodevelopmental deficits by altering iron-dependent brain metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine if ID induces metabolomic abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the pre-anemic stage and to ascertain the aspects of abnormal brain metabolism affected. Methods: Standard hematological parameters [hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), transferrin (Tf) saturation, and zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZnPP/H)] were compared at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months in iron-sufficient (IS; n = 7) and iron-deficient (ID; n = 7) infant rhesus monkeys. Five CSF metabolite ratios were determined at 4, 8, and 12 months using 1 H NMR spectroscopy at 16.4 T and compared between groups and in relation to hematologic parameters. Results: ID infants developed ID (Tf saturation