Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2018-03, Vol.10 (4), p.432
Main Authors: Rogero, Marcelo Macedo, Calder, Philip C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anti-inflammatory activity
Attenuation
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Etiology
Fatty acids
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Lipopolysaccharides
Metabolic syndrome
neoplasms
noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Obesity
omega-3 fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Review
saturated fatty acids
Signal transduction
TLR4 protein
Toll-like receptor 4
Toll-like receptors
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Summary:Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome differs from the classical inflammatory response in certain respects. This inflammatory process manifests itself systemically and it is characterized by a chronic low-intensity reaction. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is acknowledged as one of the main triggers of the obesity-induced inflammatory response. The aim of the present review is to describe the role that is played by the TLR4 signaling pathway in the inflammatory response and its modulation by saturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate that saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through the attenuation of the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway by either lipopolysaccharides or saturated fatty acids.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu10040432