Advances in metabolome information retrieval: turning chemistry into biology. Part I: analytical chemistry of the metabolome

Metabolites are small molecules produced by enzymatic reactions in a given organism. Metabolomics or metabolic phenotyping is a well-established omics aimed at comprehensively assessing metabolites in biological systems. These comprehensive analyses use analytical platforms, mainly nuclear magnetic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of inherited metabolic disease 2018-05, Vol.41 (3), p.379-391
Main Authors: Tebani, Abdellah, Afonso, Carlos, Bekri, Soumeya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Biochemistry
Chemical Sciences
Human Genetics
Information processing
Internal Medicine
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Mass spectroscopy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Microbiomes
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Pediatrics
Phenotyping
Standardization
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Summary:Metabolites are small molecules produced by enzymatic reactions in a given organism. Metabolomics or metabolic phenotyping is a well-established omics aimed at comprehensively assessing metabolites in biological systems. These comprehensive analyses use analytical platforms, mainly nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, along with associated separation methods to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Metabolomics holistically evaluates biological systems in an unbiased, data-driven approach that may ultimately support generation of hypotheses. The approach inherently allows the molecular characterization of a biological sample with regard to both internal (genetics) and environmental (exosome, microbiome) influences. Metabolomics workflows are based on whether the investigator knows a priori what kind of metabolites to assess. Thus, a targeted metabolomics approach is defined as a quantitative analysis (absolute concentrations are determined) or a semiquantitative analysis (relative intensities are determined) of a set of metabolites that are possibly linked to common chemical classes or a selected metabolic pathway. An untargeted metabolomics approach is a semiquantitative analysis of the largest possible number of metabolites contained in a biological sample. This is part I of a review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of major metabolic phenotyping technologies. Furthermore, their inherent analytical advantages and limits regarding experimental design, sample handling, standardization and workflow challenges are discussed.
ISSN:0141-8955
1573-2665
DOI:10.1007/s10545-017-0074-y