Right Ventricular Myofilament Functional Differences in Humans With Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Versus Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

• Published in: Circulation (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2018-05, Vol.137 (22), p.2360-2370
• Main Authors: Hsu, Steven, Kokkonen-Simon, Kristen M, Kirk, Jonathan A, Kolb, Todd M, Damico, Rachel L, Mathai, Stephen C, Mukherjee, Monica, Shah, Ami A, Wigley, Fredrick M, Margulies, Kenneth B, Hassoun, Paul M, Halushka, Marc K, Tedford, Ryan J, Kass, David A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Calcium - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Exercise; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension - physiopathology; Female; Heart Ventricles - physiopathology; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary - etiology; Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Myocardium - metabolism; Myocardium - pathology; Myofibrils - physiology; Prospective Studies; Scleroderma, Systemic - complications
• ISSN: 0009-7322; 1524-4539
• DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033147

BACKGROUND:Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have a far worse prognosis than those with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). In the intact heart, SSc-PAH exhibits depressed rest and reserve right ventricular (RV) contractility compared with IPAH. We tested whether this disparity involves underlying differences in myofilament function. METHODS:Cardiac myocytes were isolated from RV septal endomyocardial biopsies from patients with SSc-PAH, IPAH, or SSc with exertional dyspnea but no resting PAH (SSc-d); control RV septal tissue was obtained from nondiseased donor hearts (6–7 per group). Isolated myocyte passive length-tension and developed tension-calcium relationships were determined and correlated with in vivo RV function and reserve. RV septal fibrosis was also examined. RESULTS:Myocyte passive stiffness from length-tension relations was similarly increased in IPAH and SSc-PAH compared with control, although SSc-PAH biopsies had more interstitial fibrosis. More striking disparities were found between active force-calcium relations. Compared with controls, maximal calcium-activated force (Fmax) was 28% higher in IPAH but 37% lower in SSc-PAH. Fmax in SSc-d was intermediate between control and SSc-PAH. The calcium concentration required for half-maximal force (EC50) was similar between control, IPAH, and SSc-d but lower in SSc-PAH. This disparity disappeared in myocytes incubated with the active catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. Myocyte Fmax directly correlated with in vivo RV contractility assessed by end-systolic elastance (R=0.46, P=0.002) and change in end-systolic elastance with exercise (R=0.49, P=0.008) and was inversely related with exercise-induced chamber dilation (R=0.63, P