Adolescent Access to Care and Risk of Early Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission

Adolescent females aged 15–19 account for 62% of new HIV infections and give birth to 16 million infants annually. We quantify the risk of early mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV among adolescents enrolled in nationally representative MTCT surveillance studies in South Africa. Data from 4,8...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of adolescent health 2018-04, Vol.62 (4), p.434-443
Main Authors: Ramraj, Trisha, Jackson, Debra, Dinh, Thu-Ha, Olorunju, Steve, Lombard, Carl, Sherman, Gayle, Puren, Adrian, Ramokolo, Vundli, Noveve, Nobuntu, Singh, Yages, Magasana, Vuyolwethu, Bhardwaj, Sanjana, Cheyip, Mireille, Mogashoa, Mary, Pillay, Yogan, Goga, Ameena E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adolescent girls
Adolescent mothers
Adults
Babies
Births
Chemical analysis
Childbirth & labor
Children
Clinical outcomes
Confidence intervals
Early mother-to-child transmission
Gestational age
Health care
Health care access
Health services
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunoglobulins
Infants
Infections
Low income groups
Maternal and infant welfare
PMTCT
Polymerase chain reaction
Pregnancy
Prenatal care
Reproductive health
SAPMTCTE
Sexual behavior
Sociodemographics
South Africa
Surveillance
Teenagers
Uptake
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Summary:Adolescent females aged 15–19 account for 62% of new HIV infections and give birth to 16 million infants annually. We quantify the risk of early mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV among adolescents enrolled in nationally representative MTCT surveillance studies in South Africa. Data from 4,814 adolescent (≤19 years) and 25,453 adult (≥20 years) mothers and their infants aged 4–8 weeks were analyzed. These data were gathered during three nationally representative, cross-sectional, facility-based surveys, conducted in 2010, 2011–2012, and 2012–2013. All infants were tested for HIV antibody (enzyme immunoassay), to determine HIV exposure. Enzyme immunoassay-positive infants or those born to self-reported HIV-positive mothers were tested for HIV infection (total nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction). Maternal HIV positivity was inferred from infant HIV antibody positivity. All analyses were weighted for sample realization and population live births. Adolescent mothers, compared with adult mothers, have almost three times less planned pregnancies 14.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5–16.5) versus 43.9% (95% CI: 42.0–45.9) in 2010 and 15.2% (95% CI: 13.0–17.9) versus 42.8% (95% CI: 40.9–44.6) in 2012–2013 (p 
ISSN:1054-139X
1879-1972
DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.10.007