Deriving A Drinking Water Guideline for A Non-Carcinogenic Contaminant: The Case of Manganese

Manganese is a natural contaminant of water sources. It is an essential oligo-element, which may exert toxicity at high doses, particularly via inhalation. Its toxicity by the oral route is less known, but epidemiological and experimental studies tend to support its neurodevelopmental toxicity in in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2018-06, Vol.15 (6), p.1293
Main Authors: Valcke, Mathieu, Bourgault, Marie-Hélène, Haddad, Sami, Bouchard, Michèle, Gauvin, Denis, Levallois, Patrick
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Body weight
Carcinogens
Children
Contaminants
Drinking water
Drinking Water - standards
Epidemiology
Guidelines as Topic
Health care
Humans
Infants
Ingestion
Inhalation
Manganese
Manganese - analysis
Manganese - toxicity
Objectives
Occupational health
Population
Public health
Public Health - standards
Regulators
Respiration
Toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical - standards
Water pollution
Water quality
Water Supply - standards
Water treatment
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Summary:Manganese is a natural contaminant of water sources. It is an essential oligo-element, which may exert toxicity at high doses, particularly via inhalation. Its toxicity by the oral route is less known, but epidemiological and experimental studies tend to support its neurodevelopmental toxicity in infants and children. This paper describes the method used by a middle-size public health institution to derive a Drinking Water Guideline (DWG) for manganese. After reviewing the work done by major public health institutions, authors confirmed the use of experimental data to derive a point-of-departure (POD) of 25 mg of manganese/kg/day, based on neurodevelopmental effects on pup rats. Then, a total uncertainty factor of 450 was applied to calculate a Toxicological Reference Value (TRV) of 55 µg/kg/day. The final DWG proposed for manganese is 60 µg/L and is based on a relative source contribution (RSC) of water of 20% and an infant drinking scenario of 182 mL/kg of body weight (BW) of water (95th percentile of the ingestion rate distribution for 0⁻6 months). Despite its limitations, e.g., starting with the work done by other agencies, such an approach demonstrates in a transparent way the rationale and challenging choices made by regulators when deriving a DWG.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph15061293