The Time-Varying Relations Between Risk Factors and Smoking Before and After a Quit Attempt

• Published in: Nicotine & tobacco research 2018-09, Vol.20 (10), p.1231-1236
• Main Authors: Koslovsky, Matthew D., Hébert, Emily T., Swartz, Michael D., Chan, Wenyaw, Leon-Novelo, Luis, Wilkinson, Anna V., Kendzor, Darla E., Businelle, Michael S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Original Investigations
• ISSN: 1462-2203; 1469-994X
• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx225

Abstract Introduction Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collected with ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) can provide a rich resource for understanding the relations between risk factors and smoking in the time surrounding a cessation attempt. Methods Participants (N = 142) were smokers seeking treatment at a safety-net hospital smoking cessation clinic who were randomly assigned to receive standard clinic care (ie, counseling and cessation medications) or standard care plus small financial incentives for biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence. Participants completed EMAs via study provided smartphones several times per day for 14 days (1 week prequit through 1 week postquit). EMAs assessed current contextual factors including environmental (eg, easy access to cigarettes, being around others smoking), cognitive (eg, urge to smoke, stress, coping expectancies, cessation motivation, cessation self-efficacy, restlessness), behavioral (ie, recent smoking and alcohol consumption), and affective variables. Temporal relations between risk factors and smoking were assessed using a logistic time-varying effect model. Results Participants were primarily female (57.8%) and Black (71.8%), with an annual household income of