Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV-1–Infected Patients Treated with Darunavir

• Published in: Drugs in R&D 2018-09, Vol.18 (3), p.199-210
• Main Authors: Opsomer, Magda, Dimitrova, Dessislava, Verspeelt, Johan, Purrington, Amy, Mehbob, Abdul, Chavers, Scott, Pai, Helen, Vanveggel, Simon, Luo, Donghan, Brown, Kimberley, Moecklinghoff, Christiane, Nettles, Richard E., Boven, Katia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antiretroviral drugs; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy; Clinical trials; Darunavir - adverse effects; Darunavir - therapeutic use; Female; Health risk assessment; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Protease Inhibitors - adverse effects; HIV Protease Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Marketing; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Original; Original Research Article; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Risk Factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1174-5886; 1179-6901
• DOI: 10.1007/s40268-018-0238-8

Introduction We evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with darunavir treatment and examined the demographic/clinical characteristics of darunavir users based on data from Janssen-sponsored clinical trials, post-marketing pharmacovigilance databases, and administrative claims databases. Methods First, selected CVD events [myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, invasive cardiovascular procedures (coronary artery angioplasty or bypass, or carotid endarterectomy)] were analyzed in 19 Janssen-sponsored phase 2–4 studies (incidence rates estimated from pooled data; 95% confidence intervals derived from Poisson distribution). Second, analyses were conducted to identify spontaneously reported CVD events in post-marketing pharmacovigilance databases and evaluate disproportional reporting of CVD events for darunavir (using Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean scores). Third, baseline demographic/clinical characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients in general and new users of darunavir and atazanavir were explored using three US administrative claims databases. Results Among 19 Janssen-sponsored clinical trials (treatment durations ≤ 6 years), the CVD event rate (95% CI) per 1000 person-years (pooled population; n  = 5713) was 6.15 (2.91–11.89), and was lower for patients who used once-daily darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg [0.71 (0.16–3.05); n  = 1326] versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg [9.21 (4.94–16.04); n  = 3058]. Trend analysis of post-marketing pharmacovigilance data showed that cumulative CVD event reporting rates for darunavir users (any dose) generally declined over time. Spontaneously reported CVD events were not disproportionately reported with darunavir versus other protease inhibitors. Compared with the general HIV-1–infected population and atazanavir users, higher proportions of darunavir users were male, older, and had comorbidities associated with CVD risk based on results from US administrative claims databases. Conclusions This comprehensive review of Janssen-sponsored clinical trial, post-marketing, and epidemiological data does not suggest that CVD should be considered an important risk for users of darunavir.