Probabilistic functional tractography of the human cortex revisited

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2018-11, Vol.181, p.414-429
• Main Authors: Trebaul, Lena, Deman, Pierre, Tuyisenge, Viateur, Jedynak, Maciej, Hugues, Etienne, Rudrauf, David, Bhattacharjee, Manik, Tadel, François, Chanteloup-Foret, Blandine, Saubat, Carole, Reyes Mejia, Gina Catalina, Adam, Claude, Nica, Anca, Pail, Martin, Dubeau, François, Rheims, Sylvain, Trébuchon, Agnès, Wang, Haixiang, Liu, Sinclair, Blauwblomme, Thomas, Garcés, Mercedes, De Palma, Luca, Valentin, Antonio, Metsähonkala, Eeva-Liisa, Petrescu, Ana Maria, Landré, Elizabeth, Szurhaj, William, Hirsch, Edouard, Valton, Luc, Rocamora, Rodrigo, Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas, Mindruta, Ioana, Francione, Stefano, Maillard, Louis, Taussig, Delphine, Kahane, Philippe, David, Olivier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Atlases as Topic; Brain atlas; Brain research; Cerebral cortex; Cerebral Cortex - diagnostic imaging; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Cerebral hemispheres; Child; Child, Preschool; Children & youth; Computed tomography; Connectivity mapping; Connectome - methods; Cortico-cortical evoked potentials; Databases, Factual; Drug resistance; EEG; Electrical stimuli; Electrocorticography - methods; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy - diagnostic imaging; Epilepsy - physiopathology; Evoked Potentials - physiology; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Image processing; Intracranial electroencephalogram; Latency; Learning algorithms; Life Sciences; Localization; Magnetic resonance imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neural networks; Neural Pathways - diagnostic imaging; Neurobiology; Neuroimaging; Neurology; Neurons and Cognition; Neurophysiology; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; Segmentation; Spatial distribution; Substantia grisea; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1053-8119; 1095-9572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.039

In patients with pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies investigated with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), direct electrical stimulations of a cortical region induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) in distant cerebral cortex, which properties can be used to infer large scale brain connectivity. In 2013, we proposed a new probabilistic functional tractography methodology to study human brain connectivity. We have now been revisiting this method in the F-TRACT project (f-tract.eu) by developing a large multicenter CCEP database of several thousand stimulation runs performed in several hundred patients, and associated processing tools to create a probabilistic atlas of human cortico-cortical connections. Here, we wish to present a snapshot of the methods and data of F-TRACT using a pool of 213 epilepsy patients, all studied by stereo-encephalography with intracerebral depth electrodes. The CCEPs were processed using an automated pipeline with the following consecutive steps: detection of each stimulation run from stimulation artifacts in raw intracranial EEG (iEEG) files, bad channels detection with a machine learning approach, model-based stimulation artifact correction, robust averaging over stimulation pulses. Effective connectivity between the stimulated and recording areas is then inferred from the properties of the first CCEP component, i.e. onset and peak latency, amplitude, duration and integral of the significant part. Finally, group statistics of CCEP features are implemented for each brain parcel explored by iEEG electrodes. The localization (coordinates, white/gray matter relative positioning) of electrode contacts were obtained from imaging data (anatomical MRI or CT scans before and after electrodes implantation). The iEEG contacts were repositioned in different brain parcellations from the segmentation of patients' anatomical MRI or from templates in the MNI coordinate system. The F-TRACT database using the first pool of 213 patients provided connectivity probability values for 95% of possible intrahemispheric and 56% of interhemispheric connections and CCEP features for 78% of intrahemisheric and 14% of interhemispheric connections. In this report, we show some examples of anatomo-functional connectivity matrices, and associated directional maps. We also indicate how CCEP features, especially latencies, are related to spatial distances, and allow estimating the velocity distribution of neuronal signals at a large scale. Final