Descriptive Study of the Different Tools Used to Evaluate the Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease Patients

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1⁻2%, the frequency having increased in recent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2018-11, Vol.10 (11), p.1777
Main Authors: Rodrigo, Luis, Pérez-Martinez, Isabel, Lauret-Braña, Eugenia, Suárez-González, Adolfo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adults
antibodies
Antibodies - blood
Biopsy
celiac disease
Celiac Disease - diet therapy
children
compliance
descriptive studies
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum - metabolism
feces
Feces - chemistry
Female
females
geographical distribution
gluten
gluten-free diet
Glutens - analysis
Glutens - urine
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
mucosa
nutritionists
Patient Compliance
patients
peptides
physicians
questionnaires
Review
Surveys and Questionnaires
urine
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Summary:Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1⁻2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: (a) Periodic visits by expert Nutritionists; (b) Clinical follow-up; (c) Serological time controls of specific antibodies; (d) Serial endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; (e) Use of structured questionnaires; and (f) Determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in faeces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within two years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer time (3⁻5 years) to heal completely.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu10111777