Pharmacokinetic characterization of mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ) fruit extract standardized to α -mangostin in C57BL/6 mice

• Published in: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2014-04, Vol.34 (4), p.336-345
• Main Authors: Petiwala, Sakina M, Li, Gongbo, Ramaiya, Atulkumar, Kumar, Anoop, Gill, Ravinder K, Saksena, Seema, Johnson, Jeremy J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorption; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; C57BL/6 mice; Dietary Supplements - standards; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fruit - chemistry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Garcinia mangostana - chemistry; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism; Inactivation, Metabolic; Mangosteen; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microsomes, Liver - metabolism; Pharmacokinetic; Plant Extracts - metabolism; Plant Extracts - pharmacokinetics; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Xanthones - metabolism; Xanthones - pharmacokinetics; Xanthones - standards; α-mangostin
• ISSN: 0271-5317; 1879-0739
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.03.002

Abstract Previously, we have reported the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of α -mangostin in mice. For this study, we evaluated the PK profile of α -mangostin using a standardized mangosteen extract in C57BL/6 mice. The primary objective was to determine the PK properties of α -mangostin when administered as an extract. This experiment was designed to test our primary hypothesis that α -mangostin in an extract should achieve a desirable PK profile. This is especially relevant as dietary supplements of mangosteen fruit are regularly standardized to α -mangostin. Mice received 100 mg/kg of mangosteen fruit extract orally, equivalent to 36 mg/kg of α -mangostin, and plasma samples were analyzed over a 24-hour period. Concentrations of α -mangostin were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the stability in the presence of phase I and phase II enzymes in liver and gastrointestinal microsomes. Furthermore, we identified evidence of phase II metabolism of α -mangostin. Further research will be required to determine if less abundant xanthones present in the mangosteen may modulate the PK parameters of α -mangostin.