Newly Identified DDT-Related Compounds Accumulating in Southern California Bottlenose Dolphins

Nontargeted GC×GC-TOF/MS analysis of blubber from 8 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Southern California Bight was performed to identify novel, bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds and to determine their abundance relative to the commonly studied DDT-related compounds....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2016-11, Vol.50 (22), p.12129-12137
Main Authors: Mackintosh, Susan A, Dodder, Nathan G, Shaul, Nellie J, Aluwihare, Lihini I, Maruya, Keith A, Chivers, Susan J, Danil, Kerri, Weller, David W, Hoh, Eunha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue - chemistry
Animals
Bioaccumulation
blubber
Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - metabolism
California
Contamination
DDE (pesticide)
DDT (pesticide)
DDT - metabolism
dicofol
Dolphins
Dolphins & porpoises
Environmental Monitoring
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
metabolites
Organic chemicals
pesticide mixtures
Pesticides
Quantitative analysis
Tursiops truncatus
Water Pollutants, Chemical
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Summary:Nontargeted GC×GC-TOF/MS analysis of blubber from 8 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Southern California Bight was performed to identify novel, bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds and to determine their abundance relative to the commonly studied DDT-related compounds. We identified 45 bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds of which the majority (80%) is not typically monitored in environmental media. Identified compounds include transformation products, technical mixture impurities such as tris­(chlorophenyl)­methane (TCPM), the presumed TCPM metabolite tris­(chlorophenyl)­methanol (TCPMOH), and structurally related compounds with unknown sources, such as hexa- to octachlorinated diphenylethene. To investigate impurities in pesticide mixtures as possible sources of these compounds, we analyzed technical DDT, the primary source of historical contamination in the region, and technical Dicofol, a current use pesticide that contains DDT-related compounds. The technical mixtures contained only 33% of the compounds identified in the blubber, suggesting that transformation products contribute to the majority of the load of DDT-related contaminants in these sentinels of ocean health. Quantitative analysis revealed that TCPM was the second most abundant compound class detected in the blubber, following DDE, and TCPMOH loads were greater than DDT. QSPR estimates verified 4,4′,4″-TCPM and 4,4′4,″-TCPMOH are persistent and bioaccumulative.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b03150