A nationwide survey of 31 organophosphate esters in sewage sludge from the United States

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in a wide range of consumer products. Nevertheless, studies on the occurrence and inventory of OPEs in sewage sludge are limited. In this study, 20 OP triesters and 11 diesters were measured in 75 archived sewage sludge samp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2019-03, Vol.655, p.446-453
Main Authors: Wang, Yu, Kannan, Pranav, Halden, Rolf U., Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Degradation
Emission
esters
flame retardants
Hazard assessment
hazard characterization
inventories
land application
national surveys
Northeastern United States
Organophosphate esters
organophosphorus compounds
plasticizers
products and commodities
risk
sewage sludge
Sludge
soil
Southeastern United States
wastewater treatment
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Summary:Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in a wide range of consumer products. Nevertheless, studies on the occurrence and inventory of OPEs in sewage sludge are limited. In this study, 20 OP triesters and 11 diesters were measured in 75 archived sewage sludge samples collected from 67 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the United States (US). The median concentrations of ∑20OP-triesters and ∑11OP-diesters in sludge were 1290 and 78.4 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Sludge samples originating from the Western and Northeastern US contained higher concentrations of OP triesters than did those from the Midwestern and Southern US. Sludge samples from WWTPs with larger treatment capacity (>38 million liters per day) contained higher concentrations of OP diesters (p 
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.224