Effects of Arachidonic and Docosohexahenoic Acid Supplementation during Gestation in Rats. Implication of Placental Oxidative Stress

Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA) are important during pregnancy. However, the effects of dietary supplementation on fetal growth and oxidative stress are inconclusive. We aimed to assess the effect of high ARA and DHA diet during rat gestation on: (1) ARA and DHA availability in p...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2018-12, Vol.19 (12), p.3863
Main Authors: Reyes-Hernández, Cynthia Guadalupe, Ramiro-Cortijo, David, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar, Giambelluca, Sonia, Simonato, Manuela, González, Mª Del Carmen, López de Pablo, Angel Luis, López-Giménez, Mª Del Rosario, Cogo, Paola, Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel, Carnielli, Virgilio P, Arribas, Silvia M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Body weight
Diet
Fatty acids
Females
Fetuses
Fish oils
Gas chromatography
Gestation
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Placenta
Plasma
Pregnancy
Proteins
Soybeans
Spectrophotometry
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Summary:Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA) are important during pregnancy. However, the effects of dietary supplementation on fetal growth and oxidative stress are inconclusive. We aimed to assess the effect of high ARA and DHA diet during rat gestation on: (1) ARA and DHA availability in plasma and placenta, (2) fetal growth, and (3) placental oxidative stress, analyzing the influence of sex. Experimental diet (ED) was prepared by substituting soybean oil in the control diet (CD) by a fungi/algae-based oil containing ARA and DHA (2:1). Rats were fed with CD or ED during gestation; plasma, placenta, and fetuses were obtained at gestational day 20. DHA, ARA, and their precursors were analyzed in maternal plasma and placenta by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Fetuses and placentas were weighed, the proportion of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) determined, and placental lipid and protein oxidation analyzed. ED fetuses exhibited lower body weight compared to CD, being >40% IUGR; fetal weight negatively correlated with maternal plasma ARA, but not DHA. Only ED female placenta exhibited higher lipid and protein oxidation compared to its CD counterparts; lipid peroxidation is negatively associated with fetal weight. In conclusion, high ARA during gestation associates with IUGR, through placental oxidative stress, with females being more susceptible.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19123863