Assessment of Guideline Discordance With Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Best Practices for Common Urologic Procedures

• Published in: JAMA network open 2018-12, Vol.1 (8), p.e186248-e186248
• Main Authors: Khaw, Chelsea, Oberle, Anthony D, Lund, Brian C, Egge, Jason, Heintz, Brett H, Erickson, Bradley A, Livorsi, Daniel J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotic Prophylaxis - statistics & numerical data; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteriuria - drug therapy; Bladder cancer; Disease prevention; Ethnicity; Female; Guideline Adherence - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing - statistics & numerical data; Male; Medical records; Middle Aged; Online Only; Original Investigation; Patients; Perioperative Period; Postoperative Complications - drug therapy; Postoperative Complications - prevention & control; Retrospective Studies; Urologic Surgical Procedures - methods; Urology
• ISSN: 2574-3805; 2574-3805
• DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6248

The American Urological Association guidelines recommend 24 or fewer hours of antimicrobial prophylaxis for most urologic procedures. Continuing antimicrobial therapy beyond 24 hours may carry more risks than advantages. To assess guideline discordance of antimicrobial prophylaxis for common urologic endoscopic procedures, and to identify opportunities for improving antimicrobial prescribing through future stewardship interventions. This multicenter cohort study conducted manual audits of medical records of 375 patients who underwent 1 of 3 urologic procedures (transurethral resection of bladder tumor [TURBT], transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP], and ureteroscopy [URS]) at 5 Veterans Health Administration facilities from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. Antimicrobial prescribing practices across the national Veterans Health Administration system were assessed using the administrative data for 29 530 records. Guideline discordance was assessed in the medical record review. Excessive postprocedural antimicrobial use was measured in the national administrative data analysis. The medical records of a total of 375 patients were manually reviewed. Among the 375 patients, 366 (97.6%) were male and 9 (2.4%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (10.9) years and a predominantly white race/ethnicity (289 [77.1%]). In addition, 29 530 patient records in the national administrative database were assessed. Among the patient records, 28 938 (98.0%) were male and 592 (2.0%) were female with a mean (SD) age of 69.1 (10.2) years and a predominantly white race/ethnicity (23 297 [78.9%]). Among the manually reviewed medical records, periprocedural or postprocedural antimicrobial prescribing was guideline discordant in 217 patients (57.9%). Postprocedural antimicrobial agents were continued beyond 24 hours in 211 patients (56.3%) and were guideline discordant in 177 patients (83.9%), with a median (interquartile range) duration of 3 (3-5) days of unnecessary antimicrobial therapy. In the analysis of national administrative data, excessive postprocedural antimicrobial agents were prescribed in 10 988 of 29 350 patient records (37.2%), with a median (interquartile range) of 3 (2-6) excess days. For any given facility, a statistically significant correlation was observed in the frequency of postprocedural antimicrobial prescribing between any 2 procedures, indicating that facilities with higher rates of excessive use for 1 procedure also had higher rates for ano