Depressive symptoms and quality of life after screening for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes: observations from the Cog-ID cohort study

• Published in: BMJ open 2019-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e024696-e024696
• Main Authors: Janssen, Jolien, Koekkoek, Paula S, Biessels, Geert-Jan, Kappelle, Jaap L, Rutten, Guy E H M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of covariance; Case-Control Studies; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis; Cohort analysis; Dementia; Depression - psychology; Diabetes; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology; Family physicians; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Memory; Mental depression; Older people; Patients; Primary care; Quality of life; Quality of Life - psychology; Questionnaires
• ISSN: 2044-6055; 2044-6055
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024696

ObjectivesTo assess changes in depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after screening for cognitive impairment in people with type 2 diabetes.DesignA prospective cohort study, part of the Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes (Cog-ID) study.SettingParticipants were screened for cognitive impairment in primary care. People suspected of cognitive impairment (screen positives) received a standardised evaluation at a memory clinic.ParticipantsParticipants ≥70 years with type 2 diabetes were included in Cog-ID between August 2012 and September 2014, the current study includes 179 patients; 39 screen positives with cognitive impairment, 56 screen positives without cognitive impairment and 84 participants not suspected of cognitive impairment during screening (screen negatives).Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms and HRQOL assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale. Outcomes were assessed before the screening, and 6 and 24 months after screening. An analysis of covariance model was fitted to assess differences in score changes among people diagnosed with cognitive impairment, screen negatives and screen positives without cognitive impairment using a factor group and baseline score as a covariate.ResultsOf all participants, 60.3% was male, mean age was 76.3±5.0 years, mean diabetes duration 13.0±8.5 years. At screening, participants diagnosed with cognitive impairment had significantly more depressive symptoms and a worse HRQOL than screen negatives. Scores of both groups remained stable over time. Screen positives without cognitive impairment scored between the other two groups at screening, but their depressive symptoms decreased significantly during follow-up (mean CES-D: −3.1 after 6 and −2.1 after 24 months); their HRQOL also tended to improve.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are common in older people with type 2 diabetes. Screening for and a subsequent diagnosis of cognitive impairment will not increase depressive symptoms.