Review of Biomarkers in Ocular Matrices: Challenges and Opportunities

Biomarkers provide a powerful and dynamic approach to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ocular diseases with applications in diagnosis, disease modulation or for predicting and monitoring of clinical response to treatment. Defined as measurable indicator of normal or pathologica...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceutical research 2019-03, Vol.36 (3), p.40-35, Article 40
Main Authors: Tamhane, Mitalee, Cabrera-Ghayouri, Sara, Abelian, Grigor, Viswanath, Veena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Aqueous Humor - metabolism
B cells
Biochemistry
Bioindicators
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - cerebrospinal fluid
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva - metabolism
Drug approval
Drug development
Evaluation
Expert Review
Eye diseases
Eye Diseases - diagnosis
Humans
Medical Law
Medical research
Medical treatment
Medicine, Experimental
Ophthalmic Drug Discovery and Development
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacy
Tears
Tears - metabolism
Vitreous Body - metabolism
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Summary:Biomarkers provide a powerful and dynamic approach to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ocular diseases with applications in diagnosis, disease modulation or for predicting and monitoring of clinical response to treatment. Defined as measurable indicator of normal or pathological processes, biomarker evaluation has been used extensively in drug development within clinical settings to better comprehend effectiveness of treatment in ocular diseases. Biomarkers in the eye have the advantage of access to multiple ocular matrices via minimally invasive methods. Repeat sampling for biomarker assessment has enabled reproducible objective measures of disease process or biological responses to a drug treatment. This review describes the usage of biomarkers with respect to four commonly sampled ocular matrices in clinic: tears, conjunctiva, aqueous humor and vitreous. Issues that affect the evaluation of biomarkers are discussed along with opportunities to leverage biomarkers such that ultimately, they can be used for customized targeted therapy.
ISSN:0724-8741
1573-904X
DOI:10.1007/s11095-019-2569-8